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BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20230218T220000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20230218T233000
DTSTAMP:20260405T222719
CREATED:20230129T114255Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20230129T114255Z
UID:10001284-1676757600-1676763000@www.ocastronomers.org
SUMMARY:Open Spiral Bar
DESCRIPTION:This is a free and open to the public online event. \nJoin Zoom\n  \nCome and socialize with your fellow astronomy enthusiasts face-to-face virtually!\nBring your latest astrophotography\, mini-presentation\, questions or none and your own refreshments. \n \nViews: 0
URL:https://www.ocastronomers.org/calendar/open-spiral-bar-2023-02/
LOCATION:Online
CATEGORIES:Meeting After the Meeting
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20230217T193000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20230217T213000
DTSTAMP:20260405T222719
CREATED:20230129T052328Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20230129T052423Z
UID:10001282-1676662200-1676669400@www.ocastronomers.org
SUMMARY:General Meeting – February 2023
DESCRIPTION:This is a free and open to the public hybrid event\, held both inperson and online. Due to the newly effective insurance requirements\, we regret that we can not allow people under 18 on the Chapman Campus\, they are welcome to attend online.\n Join Zoom\n\n\n  \n  \n  \nPuzzles in Galaxy Evolution\n  \n  \n  \n \nI will describe a pair of sharp puzzles suggesting a possible mismatch between our theory of galaxy evolution and recent observations from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). First\, current models predict that most distant galaxies found by JWST should be seen at a time when they are transitioning from the initial assembly of their ingredients to the later processes by which they form stars\, and other structures we recognize as a galaxy.  Instead\, fully-formed\, massive galaxies appear to exist impossibly early\, before their ingredients should even have been able to assemble.  Second\, a possible explanation for this would be that most galaxies grow very differently from the processes we have observed in star-forming regions of our own Milky Way.  I will discuss whether such a difference might be able to reconcile both problems\, or whether something is still “broken”. \n \nCharles Steinhardt is an associate professor at the Cosmic Dawn Center and University of Copenhagen\, having previously spent time at Caltech\, Kavli IPMU\, Harvard\, and Princeton.  His research is inspired by astrophysical phenomena whose explanation has been cast into doubt\, either by new theoretical ideas or new observations.  Recently\, this includes several different areas of astronomy and astrophysics\, including galaxy evolution\, black hole accretion\, and gamma-ray bursts.  Recent work also includes developing machine learning and statistical methods for making full use of the large datasets modern astronomy produces.  He also runs a summer undergraduate research program that brings American students to Copenhagen each summer. \nViews: 0
URL:https://www.ocastronomers.org/calendar/general-meeting-2023-02/
LOCATION:Irvine Lecture Hall of the Chapman University\, 336 N Center St\, Orange\, CA\, 92866\, United States
CATEGORIES:General Meetings
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20230114T220000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20230114T233000
DTSTAMP:20260405T222719
CREATED:20230129T114236Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20230129T114236Z
UID:10001283-1673733600-1673739000@www.ocastronomers.org
SUMMARY:Open Spiral Bar
DESCRIPTION:This is a free and open to the public online event. \nJoin Zoom\n  \nCome and socialize with your fellow astronomy enthusiasts face-to-face virtually!\nBring your latest astrophotography\, mini-presentation\, questions or none and your own refreshments. \n \nViews: 0
URL:https://www.ocastronomers.org/calendar/open-spiral-bar-2023-01/
LOCATION:Online
CATEGORIES:Meeting After the Meeting
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20230113T193000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20230113T213000
DTSTAMP:20260405T222719
CREATED:20221017T201556Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20221222T181255Z
UID:10001268-1673638200-1673645400@www.ocastronomers.org
SUMMARY:General Meeting – January 2023
DESCRIPTION:This is a free and open to the public hybrid event\, held both inperson and online. Due to the newly effective insurance requirements\, we regret that we can not allow people under 18 on the Chapman Campus\, they are welcome to attend online.\n Join Zoom\n\n\n  \n  \n  \nCOSMIC ARTIST:\n\n\n  \n  \nTHE WORK OF JON LOMBERG\n  \n  \n  \n \n  \n  \n\nArtist Jon Lomberg will talk about his long career working with Carl Sagan on projects like the Voyager Golden Record\, the TV series COSMOS\, and the movie CONTACT. He will also discuss work with Mauna Kea observatories and his creation of the Galaxy Garden\, the worlds first scale model\, walk through galaxy.\n\n  \n \n  \n\nJo Lomberg is one of the world’s most distinguished space artists. He was Designer of the Voyager Golden Record and Emmy-Award winning Chief Artist of Carl Sagan’s COSMOS series. He is a winner of the ASP’s Klumpke Roberts Award for astronomy popularization and has an asteroid named after him. He lives in Kona\, Hawaii.\n\n\n\n\nwww.jonlomberg.com\nwww.galaxygarden.net\n\n\n\nSpecial Offer\nJon is offering two of his best-known pieces with Carl Sagan\, one from COSMOS and one from CONTACT at a special price of $60 (+$15 shipping) each. You can see the details of each by clicking on the respective words. These prints can be ordered directly from Jon at this special members price. Do not order through the website but send payment via PayPal to lomberg@aloha.net\n\nViews: 0
URL:https://www.ocastronomers.org/calendar/general-meeting-2023-01/
LOCATION:Irvine Lecture Hall of the Chapman University\, 336 N Center St\, Orange\, CA\, 92866\, United States
CATEGORIES:General Meetings
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20221210T220000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20221210T233000
DTSTAMP:20260405T222719
CREATED:20220123T193448Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20220123T193448Z
UID:10001216-1670709600-1670715000@www.ocastronomers.org
SUMMARY:Open Spiral Bar
DESCRIPTION:This is a free and open to the public online event. \nJoin Zoom\n  \nCome and socialize with your fellow astronomy enthusiasts face-to-face virtually!\nBring your latest astrophotography\, mini-presentation\, questions or none and your own refreshments. \n \nViews: 0
URL:https://www.ocastronomers.org/calendar/open-spiral-bar-2022-12/
LOCATION:Online
CATEGORIES:Meeting After the Meeting
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20221209T193000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20221209T210000
DTSTAMP:20260405T222719
CREATED:20221017T193704Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20221207T131036Z
UID:10001267-1670614200-1670619600@www.ocastronomers.org
SUMMARY:General Meeting – December 2022
DESCRIPTION:This is a free and open to the public hybrid event\, held both inperson and online. Due to the newly effective insurance requirements\, we regret that we can not allow people under 18 on the Chapman Campus\, they are welcome to attend online.\nJoin Zoom\nThe meeting is held at the Irvine Lecture Hall of the Chapman University\, the exact street address can be found on the section above under “VENUE”. \n  \n  \nThe Voyager Spacecraft\n  \n  \nWhere they are\, how they got there\,\n\n  \nand where they are going\n  \n \nTwin Voyager spacecraft were launched in the summer of 1977 on a four-year mission to study Jupiter\, Saturn and their natural satellites. A fortuitous option existed for one of them to continue on to Uranus five years later and Neptune after another three years. Space missions at the time were typically of days to months duration\, and technology for even a four-year mission was considered pushing the limits of technology. A 12-year mission was seen as a pipe dream. But the Voyagers were outfitted with some new innovations\, and techniques were developed in flight to make enhanced science possible at Uranus and Neptune if they should survive that long. The only thought given to a purpose beyond Neptune was in the form of a video record of sounds\, music and greetings from the people of Earth to any intelligent beings that might happen upon the derelict remains of either craft somewhere in the cosmos. As the world has seen\, expectations were exceeded beyond anyone’s imagination. The spacecraft are still operating well\, with data being transmitted continuously and received daily. \nThis talk is intended to focus on the spacecraft technologies and highly creative techniques developed in flight\, in the hands of a dedicated flight team\, that allowed these intrepid explorers to extend their four-year prime mission to 45 years now\, with the expectation of another possible five to ten years before they finally succumb to the inevitable loss of enough electrical power to keep them running. \n \nTim Hogle became hooked on astronomy at age 12 after building a 3″ Newtonian telescope and seeing Saturn with it in the dark skies of his front yard. These interests\, astronomy and telescope making\, have stayed with him ever since. After graduating in electrical engineering from Cal Poly San Luis Obispo in 1971\, he joined the Navy Air Corps as a Naval Flight Officer for a few years\, then left the Navy and serendipitously joined JPL and the Voyager flight team shortly after their launches; a dream opportunity to explore the solar system in a detail he never could through a telescope. This was so much fun that he accepted an offer to continue with the team to explore Uranus and Neptune.\nStarting as a real time analyst\, seeing the data coming in before anyone else saw it\, he soon became the senior spacecraft systems engineer\, responsible for a wide variety of duties including data and anomaly analysis\, sequence\, test\, and contingency planning\, and being involved in nearly all aspects of the mission. By the Neptune encounter\, the Voyagers were as close as family members to him\, and Tim wanted to continue using his years of experience to extend the mission as long as possible. His total time with Voyager was 27½ years. He has been retired since 2006\, but kept in touch with former colleagues on the flight team to keep abreast of the progress of the Voyagers in his absence. In retirement\, his astronomical interest has continued with visual observing at every opportunity\, especially of faint galaxies through an 18″ telescope. \nViews: 0
URL:https://www.ocastronomers.org/calendar/general-meeting-2022-12/
LOCATION:Irvine Lecture Hall of the Chapman University\, 336 N Center St\, Orange\, CA\, 92866\, United States
CATEGORIES:General Meetings
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20221112T220000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20221112T233000
DTSTAMP:20260405T222719
CREATED:20220123T193152Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20220123T193152Z
UID:10001213-1668290400-1668295800@www.ocastronomers.org
SUMMARY:Open Spiral Bar
DESCRIPTION:This is a free and open to the public online event. \nJoin Zoom\n  \nCome and socialize with your fellow astronomy enthusiasts face-to-face virtually!\nBring your latest astrophotography\, mini-presentation\, questions or none and your own refreshments. \n \nViews: 0
URL:https://www.ocastronomers.org/calendar/open-spiral-bar-2022-11/
LOCATION:Online
CATEGORIES:Meeting After the Meeting
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20221111T193000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20221111T213000
DTSTAMP:20260405T222719
CREATED:20220827T183025Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20220827T183025Z
UID:10001265-1668195000-1668202200@www.ocastronomers.org
SUMMARY:Online General Meeting – November 2022
DESCRIPTION:This is a free and open to the public online event. \nJoin Zoom\n\n\n  \nX-raying the Winds of Giant Stars\n\n  \n\n  \n  \n  \nWe are made of stardust—or\, at least in significant parts\, of material produced in giant stars. These giant stars have strong winds that strip away the outer layers of stellar material. To understand giant stars\, astronomers thus need to understand their winds. In this talk\, Dr. Grinberg will explain why astrophysicists use space-based X-ray telescopes such as ESA’s XMM-Newton to study such winds and show how they are using black holes and neutron stars as backlights to make such stellar winds visible. \n  \nPhoto:Friedhelm Albrecht/Universität Tübingen \n  \nDr. Victoria Grinberg is an astrophysicist working in the Netherlands for the European Space Agency (ESA) where she helps ESA communicate with the scientific community. After her PhD in Germany\, her research has taken her around the world – USA\, the Netherlands and again Germany – before accepting her current position. Using space-based telescopes\, Dr. Grinberg is studying the most extreme environments in our Universe: black holes\, neutron stars\, and the winds of the most massive giant stars. She also publishes on sustainability and climate crisis from an astrophysics perspective. In her free time\, Dr. Grinberg creates cartoons about science and academia. \nViews: 0
URL:https://www.ocastronomers.org/calendar/general-meeting-2022-11/
LOCATION:Online
CATEGORIES:General Meetings
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20221014T193000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20221014T213000
DTSTAMP:20260405T222719
CREATED:20220717T185924Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20220717T202134Z
UID:10001257-1665775800-1665783000@www.ocastronomers.org
SUMMARY:Online General Meeting – October 2022
DESCRIPTION:This is a free and open to the public online event. \nJoin Zoom\n\n  \n  \nThe Dynamic Sky:\n  \n  \nHow We Find Discover and Understand\n  \n  \nStellar Explosions in the 21st Century\n  \n\n \n  \nHumans have recorded the appearance of “new stars” since prehistory\, but only in the last century have astronomers begun to understand their nature as stellar explosions. These “supernovae” provide clues about the lives and deaths of stars\, the formation and evolution of galaxies\, the production and distribution of chemical elements (including those required for life on Earth)\, and even the accelerating expansion of the Universe. \n \nIn the last two decades\, the discovery rate of supernovae has ballooned from hundreds per year to tens of thousands per year\, and in the coming decade\, it will reach into the millions. This explosion can be traced back to the same technological advances behind the Internet age: high-speed telecommunications\, digital imaging\, increased computer processing power\, and machine learning. This presentation will explore the history and future of supernova observations\, with a focus on the technology behind them and the science they enable. \n  \n \n  \nDr. Griffin Hosseinzadeh is a postdoctoral researcher at Steward Observatory at the University of Arizona\, where he studies various types of stellar explosions. He was previously a postdoctoral researcher at the Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian. He received his bachelor’s in physics from UC Berkeley in 2012 and his Ph.D. in astrophysics from UC Santa Barbara in 2018. \n  \n  \nViews: 0
URL:https://www.ocastronomers.org/calendar/general-meeting-2022-10/
LOCATION:Online
CATEGORIES:General Meetings
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20220910T220000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20220910T233000
DTSTAMP:20260405T222719
CREATED:20220123T192929Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20220123T192929Z
UID:10001212-1662847200-1662852600@www.ocastronomers.org
SUMMARY:Open Spiral Bar
DESCRIPTION:This is a free and open to the public online event. \nJoin Zoom\n  \nCome and socialize with your fellow astronomy enthusiasts face-to-face virtually!\nBring your latest astrophotography\, mini-presentation\, questions or none and your own refreshments. \n \nViews: 0
URL:https://www.ocastronomers.org/calendar/open-spiral-bar-2022-09/
LOCATION:Online
CATEGORIES:Meeting After the Meeting
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20220909T193000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20220909T213000
DTSTAMP:20260405T222719
CREATED:20220717T184124Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20220717T185209Z
UID:10001256-1662751800-1662759000@www.ocastronomers.org
SUMMARY:Online General Meeting – September 2022
DESCRIPTION:This is a free and open to the public online event. \nJoin Zoom\n\n\n  \nCosmic rays\, antimatter\, dark matter:\n\n\n  \nconnecting the dots\n\n  \n \n  \n\nIn August 1912\, Austrian physicist Victor Hess made a discovery that opened a new window to the most energetic phenomena happening in the universe: he had discovered cosmic rays. Cosmic rays are high-energy charged particles coming from space and striking the Earth from all directions. After a century of transformative discoveries and advancements\, cosmic-ray physics is a lively and interdisciplinary field of research. In recent years\, space-born experiments have delivered many new measurements of cosmic-ray protons\, nuclei\, electrons\, and their antiparticles which generate renewed interest and prompted new open questions. This colloquium will address the main open questions in cosmic rays concerning their nature\, their origin\, and their connection with the dark matter puzzle. Emphasis will be given to the rare antimatter component\, which is a promising discovery tool for new fundamental physics or exotic astrophysical phenomena. \n  \n \n  \nNicola Tomassetti is an astroparticle physicist and space scientist. He is an associate professor at the Department of Physics and Geology at the University of Perugia\, Italy. His research interests include cosmic rays\, dark matter\, antimatter\, heliospheric\, and space physics phenomena. He is part of the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer collaboration for the search for dark matter and antimatter in space. He teaches introductory physics\, space physics\, cosmology & astroparticles for undergraduate\, master’s degree\, and PhD students. \nViews: 0
URL:https://www.ocastronomers.org/calendar/general-meeting-2022-09/
LOCATION:Online
CATEGORIES:General Meetings
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20220813T220000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20220813T233000
DTSTAMP:20260405T222719
CREATED:20220123T192849Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20220123T192849Z
UID:10001211-1660428000-1660433400@www.ocastronomers.org
SUMMARY:Open Spiral Bar
DESCRIPTION:This is a free and open to the public online event. \nJoin Zoom\n  \nCome and socialize with your fellow astronomy enthusiasts face-to-face virtually!\nBring your latest astrophotography\, mini-presentation\, questions or none and your own refreshments. \n \nViews: 0
URL:https://www.ocastronomers.org/calendar/open-spiral-bar-2022-08/
LOCATION:Online
CATEGORIES:Meeting After the Meeting
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20220812T193000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20220812T213000
DTSTAMP:20260405T222719
CREATED:20220709T061203Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20220709T062134Z
UID:10001254-1660332600-1660339800@www.ocastronomers.org
SUMMARY:Online General Meeting – August 2022
DESCRIPTION:This is a free and open to the public online event. \nJoin Zoom\n\n\n  \nThe Backstory of Contact Binary Stars\n\n  \n  \n \n\nContact binary star systems have the remarkable property that they orbit so closely they share a common atmosphere. They are the most common type of eclipsing binary star system. Despite extensive observations over more than a century\, answers to the most fundamental questions have eluded scientists until now: How do they form? How do they survive tranquilly in contact so long? What becomes of them in the end? An outburst in 2008 showed directly that contact binary stars end their long lives by merging in an explosive event known as a red nova. This presentation will reveal the recently uncovered backstory that answers these questions\, and it will conclude by considering how these answers might help identify which contact binary will be the next to explode. \n\n  \nProfessor Larry Molnar earned a B.S. in astronomy from the University of Michigan along with an MA and a PhD in astronomy from Harvard University. (Hence\, he has the three-degree background appropriate for one studying the Universe) He was a postdoc at the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory and taught at the University of Iowa. He has been a professor of Physics and Astronomy at Calvin University since 1998. \nViews: 0
URL:https://www.ocastronomers.org/calendar/general-meeting-2022-08/
LOCATION:Online
CATEGORIES:General Meetings
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20220709T220000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20220709T233000
DTSTAMP:20260405T222719
CREATED:20220123T193919Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20220123T193919Z
UID:10001218-1657404000-1657409400@www.ocastronomers.org
SUMMARY:Open Spiral Bar
DESCRIPTION:This is a free and open to the public online event. \nJoin Zoom\n  \nCome and socialize with your fellow astronomy enthusiasts face-to-face virtually!\nBring your latest astrophotography\, mini-presentation\, questions or none and your own refreshments. \n \nViews: 0
URL:https://www.ocastronomers.org/calendar/open-spiral-bar-2022-07/
LOCATION:Online
CATEGORIES:Meeting After the Meeting
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20220708T193000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20220708T213000
DTSTAMP:20260405T222719
CREATED:20220514T024827Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20220604T213121Z
UID:10001251-1657308600-1657315800@www.ocastronomers.org
SUMMARY:Online General Meeting – July 2022
DESCRIPTION:This is a free and open to the public online event. \nJoin Zoom\n\n\n  \nRovers on Mars: 21st Century\n\n  \nNatural History\n\n  \nExpeditions to Another Planet\n  \n  \n \n\nPerseverance and Ingenuity are the current culmination of a long list of missions to Mars. During the first 400 days of operation on the surface of Mars Perseverance has traveled over 12 kilometers and Ingenuity has flown 28+ times. In addition to observations focused on understanding the geologic history and context of four+ samples collected for eventual return to Earth at this time\, Perseverance has made a variety of observations of the atmosphere and the moons of Mars. At the time of this presentation we will be well into the exploration of the enormous delta deposited by an ancient river onto the floor of Jezero Crater where Perseverance landed. \n\n\nLarry S. Crumpler\, Ph.D. is Research Curator in Volcanology and Space Sciences at the New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science. He received his doctorate from the University of Arizona in Planetary Sciences and MS from the University of New Mexico in Geology. Prior to the Museum\, he worked at Brown University.   \nHe is a member of the Perseverance Rover Mission science team where he is responsible for geologic context mapping of the terrain traversed by the rover. Previously\, he was a team member on Ingenuity helicopter development\, Mars Exploration Rover (Spirit & Opportunity) where he served as “Long-term Planning Lead\,” Mars Odyssey Gamma Ray Spectrometer\, and Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (HiRISE).     \nHe previously participated in NASA’s Viking and Pathfinder Mars\, Magellan mission to Venus\, Russian Mars 96 mission planning\, Mars landing site selection and rover field tests.   He has published numerous research papers\, book chapters\, and geologic maps; and a book about Mars that will be published by Harper-Collins in late 2021.  He is a Fellow of the Geological Society of America. \nViews: 0
URL:https://www.ocastronomers.org/calendar/general-meeting-2022-07/
LOCATION:Online
CATEGORIES:General Meetings
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20220611T220000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20220611T233000
DTSTAMP:20260405T222719
CREATED:20220121T181616Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20220121T181616Z
UID:10001210-1654984800-1654990200@www.ocastronomers.org
SUMMARY:Open Spiral Bar
DESCRIPTION:This is a free and open to the public online event. \nJoin Zoom\n  \nCome and socialize with your fellow astronomy enthusiasts face-to-face virtually!\nBring your latest astrophotography\, mini-presentation\, questions or none and your own refreshments. \n \nViews: 0
URL:https://www.ocastronomers.org/calendar/open-spiral-bar-2022-06/
LOCATION:Online
CATEGORIES:Meeting After the Meeting
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20220610T193000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20220610T213000
DTSTAMP:20260405T222719
CREATED:20220409T031403Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20220409T034408Z
UID:10001240-1654889400-1654896600@www.ocastronomers.org
SUMMARY:Online General Meeting – June 2022
DESCRIPTION:This is a free and open to the public online event. \nJoin Zoom\n\n  \n  \nThree Decades of\n  \n  \nthe Hubble Space Telescope\n\n  \n\n \n\nAfter decades of discussion and construction\, the Hubble Space Telescope was finally launched on April 24\, 1990. While HST was not the first space telescope\, it represented a major expansion in capability that has helped upend humanity’s understanding of the universe. HST helped show that the expansion of the universe is accelerating\, and has transformed our view of the universe with a remarkable set of Hubble Deep Field images\, amongst other things. Along the way\, the engineers\, scientists and astronauts behind HST managed to overcome a debilitating optical problem and have kept HST making discoveries for more than three decades. Now HST is about to work in tandem with its successor\, the James Webb Telescope.\nNot Yet Imagined E-flyer\n\n \n\n \n\nChristopher Gainor is a historian of technology specializing in space exploration and aeronautics. He has written four books on the history of space exploration and two on Cold War history. His most recent book is a history of Hubble Space Telescope operations published by NASA. Gainor is editor of Quest: The History of Spaceflight Quarterly. From 2018 to 2020\, he was President of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada\, and he is a fellow of the British Interplanetary Society. Gainor holds a Ph.D. in the history of technology from the University of Alberta\, and has worked as a history instructor at the University of Victoria and the Royal Military College of Canada.\n\n \nhttps://chrisgainor.ca\n \nhttps://www.facebook.com/Gainorbooks\n \nhttps://twitter.com/chrisgainor\nViews: 0
URL:https://www.ocastronomers.org/calendar/general-meeting-2022-06/
LOCATION:Online
CATEGORIES:General Meetings
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20220514T220000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20220514T233000
DTSTAMP:20260405T222719
CREATED:20220121T181558Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20220121T181558Z
UID:10001209-1652565600-1652571000@www.ocastronomers.org
SUMMARY:Open Spiral Bar
DESCRIPTION:This is a free and open to the public online event. \nJoin Zoom\n  \nCome and socialize with your fellow astronomy enthusiasts face-to-face virtually!\nBring your latest astrophotography\, mini-presentation\, questions or none and your own refreshments. \n \nViews: 0
URL:https://www.ocastronomers.org/calendar/open-spiral-bar-2022-05/
LOCATION:Online
CATEGORIES:Meeting After the Meeting
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20220513T193000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20220513T213000
DTSTAMP:20260405T222719
CREATED:20220405T195923Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20220409T045311Z
UID:10001239-1652470200-1652477400@www.ocastronomers.org
SUMMARY:Online General Meeting - May 2022
DESCRIPTION:This is a free and open to the public online event. \nJoin Zoom\n  \n\nOumuamua: The nearest exoplanet?\n\n  \n  \n\n \n\n\n\n\n\n\nWhen ‘Oumuamua passed by Earth in October 2017\, the only thing certain about it was that it was not from this Solar System. Because of its high velocity\, it was the first confirmed interstellar object. The next year the object 2I/Borisov was the second confirmed interstellar object. But whereas Borisov behaved very much like a comet (albeit an unusual one)\, mysteries remain about what ‘Oumuamua actually is. Although it pushed away from the Sun by a rocket effect\, like comets\, it could not be made of water\, or contain much carbon monoxide or dust\, making it very unlike a comet. The acceleration it experienced was very large\, and from the variations in sunlight it reflected\, it was more elongated than any other solar system object: either a very skinny pancake or a very long cigar. Dozens of explanations have been proposed to explain these oddities\, and speculation has run rampant\, with some astronomers even suggesting it was alien technology. The truth is more mundane but no less exciting. In a pair of papers in 2021\, Steve Desch and Alan Jackson demonstrated that ‘Oumuamua is consistent in every way with being a small fragment resembling the surface of Pluto. Our own solar system must have ejected trillions of fragments like ‘Oumuamua in its early days\, and a population of fragments from the surfaces of Pluto-like exoplanets must be common throughout the Galaxy. ‘Oumuamua itself may have been ejected about 400 million years ago\, from a Pluto-like exoplanet in a young system in the Perseus arm of the Galaxy. ‘Oumuamua is arguably the closest we’ve ever come to directly observing the surface of an exoplanet.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nSteve Desch is a Professor of astrophysics in the School of Earth and Space Exploration at Arizona State University. He studies the formation and evolution of planets\, the origins of the Solar System\, exoplanets\, and meteorites. He has written about ‘Oumuamua in the popular press and is thrilled to have contributed to our scientific understanding of this unique object.” \n\n\nhttps://slate.com/technology/2019/01/oumuamua-alien-ship-anthropomorphize-space.html\n\n\nViews: 0
URL:https://www.ocastronomers.org/calendar/general-meeting-2022-05/
LOCATION:Online
CATEGORIES:General Meetings
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20220409T220000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20220409T233000
DTSTAMP:20260405T222719
CREATED:20220121T181531Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20220121T181531Z
UID:10001208-1649541600-1649547000@www.ocastronomers.org
SUMMARY:Open Spiral Bar
DESCRIPTION:This is a free and open to the public online event. \nJoin Zoom\n  \nCome and socialize with your fellow astronomy enthusiasts face-to-face virtually!\nBring your latest astrophotography\, mini-presentation\, questions or none and your own refreshments. \n \nViews: 0
URL:https://www.ocastronomers.org/calendar/open-spiral-bar-2022-04/
LOCATION:Online
CATEGORIES:Meeting After the Meeting
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20220408T193000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20220408T213000
DTSTAMP:20260405T222719
CREATED:20220216T205001Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20220409T050941Z
UID:10001220-1649446200-1649453400@www.ocastronomers.org
SUMMARY:Online General Meeting - April 2022
DESCRIPTION:This is a free and open to the public online event. \nJoin Zoom\n  \n\nThe End of the Beginning\n  \n\n\n\n\n\nWe used to think the Big Bang meant the universe began from a singularity. Nearly 100 years later\, we’re not so sure. The Big Bang teaches us that our expanding\, cooling universe used to be younger\, denser\, and hotter in the past. However\, extrapolating all the way back to a singularity leads to predictions that disagree with what we observe. Instead\, cosmic inflation preceded and set up the Big Bang\, changing our cosmic origin story forever.\n\nDownload PDF of the presentation\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nEthan has lived his life fascinated with one simple fact: we have the capacity to figure out definitive\, scientific answers to even the deepest questions we can conceive about our physical reality. We do that by asking the right questions about the Universe\, and then putting the Universe itself to the test. From where everything comes from to the Universe’s ultimate fate and all that lies between\, he’s committed to not just figuring it out\, but to sharing the answers — what we know and how we know it — with anyone curious enough to listen.\n\n\nhttps://www.startswithabang.com/\n\n\nhttps://twitter.com/StartsWithABang\nhttps://www.facebook.com/startswithabang\n\nViews: 0
URL:https://www.ocastronomers.org/calendar/general-meeting-2022-04/
LOCATION:Online
CATEGORIES:General Meetings
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20220312T220000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20220312T233000
DTSTAMP:20260405T222719
CREATED:20220121T181230Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20220121T181230Z
UID:10001207-1647122400-1647127800@www.ocastronomers.org
SUMMARY:Open Spiral Bar
DESCRIPTION:This is a free and open to the public online event. \nJoin Zoom\n  \nCome and socialize with your fellow astronomy enthusiasts face-to-face virtually!\nBring your latest astrophotography\, mini-presentation\, questions or none and your own refreshments. \n \nViews: 0
URL:https://www.ocastronomers.org/calendar/open-spiral-bar-2022-03/
LOCATION:Online
CATEGORIES:Meeting After the Meeting
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20220311T193000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20220311T213000
DTSTAMP:20260405T222719
CREATED:20220212T040607Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20220212T061918Z
UID:10001219-1647027000-1647034200@www.ocastronomers.org
SUMMARY:Online General Meeting - March 2022
DESCRIPTION:This is a free and open to the public online event. \nJoin Zoom\n  \n\nBringing Astronomy Alive:\n\n\n  \n\nStudent Engagement at\n\n\n  \n\n\nJohn Abbott College\n  \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nThe non-traditional approach to Introductory Astronomy at John Abbott College (Montreal\, Canada) puts the depth and direction of content in the hands of the students\, utilizing partnerships with RASC Montreal Centre and other Outreach Organizations to mentor students in observational techniques\, provide access to amateur and professional Astronomical data\, and introduce students to public outreach.\n\n\n\nRecognizing the available access to recent discoveries and current data that best represent the direction of space sciences\, each student is given an opportunity to put their stamp on the learning outcomes of the course. Combining this with non-compulsory astronomy activities with RASC – Montreal Centre allows students to embrace the field in a manner that best suits their interests and motivation\, resulting in novel labs and incredibly diverse term projects\, and several initiatives that have moved beyond the scope of the Introductory Astronomy Course. Other departments and courses at the college are now taking advantage of the Astronomy activities to engage their students beyond the classroom.\n\n\n\n\n\n\nProf. Karim Jaffer joined the Physics Faculty at John Abbott College (JAC) in 2006\, with active projects in STEM education and pedagogical development. When Karim began teaching Introductory Astronomy in 2016 he developed a unique student-directed\, just-in-time teaching approach incorporating current astronomical data\, research\, and including experiential learning opportunities.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nIn the amateur astronomy community Karim has been the Public Events Coordinator for the RASC Montreal Centre since 2016\, helping re-establish the I.K.Williamson Astronomy Library and coordinating both public events and outreach activities throughout the Montreal area\, cultivating partnerships with the Rio Tinto Alcan Planetarium\, the Institute for Research on Exoplanets (iREx)\, the Cosmodome\, Explore Alliance\, the Astronomical League\, AstroRadio\, CASCA and many local amateur astronomy groups\, in addition to mentoring several Student Astronomy clubs and coordinating visits to local schools\, guides\, scouts and libraries.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nKarim is a member of the National RASC Education and Public Outreach Committee and the 2021 recipient of the Charles M Good Award.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nwww.rascmontreal.org/titan\n\n\n\n\n\n\nViews: 0
URL:https://www.ocastronomers.org/calendar/general-meeting-2022-03/
LOCATION:Online
CATEGORIES:General Meetings
ORGANIZER;CN="Karim Jaffer":MAILTO:karim.jaffer@johnabbott.qc.ca
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20220212T220000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20220212T233000
DTSTAMP:20260405T222719
CREATED:20220121T180838Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20220121T180838Z
UID:10001205-1644703200-1644708600@www.ocastronomers.org
SUMMARY:Open Spiral Bar
DESCRIPTION:This is a free and open to the public online event. \nJoin Zoom\n  \nCome and socialize with your fellow astronomy enthusiasts face-to-face virtually!\nBring your latest astrophotography\, mini-presentation\, questions or none and your own refreshments. \n \nViews: 0
URL:https://www.ocastronomers.org/calendar/open-spiral-bar-2022-02/
LOCATION:Online
CATEGORIES:Meeting After the Meeting
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20220211T193000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20220211T213000
DTSTAMP:20260405T222719
CREATED:20220121T181016Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20220123T192353Z
UID:10001206-1644607800-1644615000@www.ocastronomers.org
SUMMARY:Online General Meeting - February 2022
DESCRIPTION:This is a free and open to the public online event. \nJoin Zoom\n  \nDragonfly: Exploring an Organic Rich Moon\n  \n \nTitan is the only moon in our solar system with a dense atmosphere\, which supports an Earth-like hydrological cycle of methane clouds\, rain\, lakes\, and seas. Complex organic surface materials may preserve\, in a deep freeze\, the types of organic chemicals that would have been present on Earth before life developed. Titan’s icy crust floats atop an interior liquid water ocean. The Dragonfly mission to Titan will characterize its habitability and determine how far prebiotic chemistry has progressed in environments known to provide the necessary ingredients for life. The mission comprises a single rotorcraft lander with a sophisticated scientific payload\, designed to take advantage of Titan’s environment\, and achieve wide-ranging exploration by flying to sites in different geologic settings. \n \nDr. Melissa Trainer\nDr. Melissa Trainer is a planetary scientist at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) with expertise in the composition of planetary atmospheres and the production of organic molecules and aerosols via in situ synthesis pathways. She has spent more than a decade characterizing the properties of Titan and early Earth aerosol analogs\, with publications on the chemical\, optical\, and isotopic properties of organic hazes. Dr. Trainer is a member of the Mars Science Laboratory Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument team\, for which she led the campaign to conduct the first in situ multi-year study of the seasonal variations of the composition of the Mars atmosphere through surface mass spectrometry measurements. Dr. Trainer currently serves as a Deputy Principal Investigator (PI) for the Dragonfly mission to Saturn’s moon Titan\, part of the NASA Planetary Science New Frontiers Program. She is also the lead for the Dragonfly Mass Spectrometer (DraMS)\, which enables the investigation of Titan’s surface composition and characterization of potential prebiotic chemistry. \nhttps://dragonfly.jhuapl.edu/ \nhttps://science.gsfc.nasa.gov/solarsystem/ \n  \n  \nViews: 0
URL:https://www.ocastronomers.org/calendar/general-meeting-2022-02/
LOCATION:Online
CATEGORIES:General Meetings
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20220114T193000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20220114T213000
DTSTAMP:20260405T222719
CREATED:20211214T210622Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20211214T211024Z
UID:10001145-1642188600-1642195800@www.ocastronomers.org
SUMMARY:Online General Meeting - January 2022
DESCRIPTION:This is a free and open to the public online event\, to attend please register with zoom by clicking here. \nPsyche: Journey to a Metal World\n  \n  \n \nNASA selected Psyche as the 14th Discovery mission on Jan. 4\, 2017. Led by Arizona State University\, Psyche will be the first orbiter of a M-class asteroid\, (16) Psyche. The mission design is based on NASA’s Dawn mission at Vesta & Ceres\, and uses instruments with a strong heritage from past missions. Our science objectives are to answer the following questions: 1) Is Psyche an exposed planetary core\, or did it never undergo melting? 2) What are the relative ages of features on its surface? 3) Do small metal-rich bodies incorporate light elements expected to be inside Earth’s high-pressure core? 4) Did Psyche form under more oxidizing or more reducing conditions than Earth’s core? and 5) What is the topography of this metal world? Psyche will launch in Aug. 2022 and will enter orbit of (16) Psyche in Jan. 2026 for a 21-month nominal mission. Psyche will study the surface using a pair of multispectral imagers (clear filter & 7 color filters\, for surface morphology\, stereo topography\, and detection of certain key mineral classes)\, a gamma-ray & neutron spectrometer (for elemental abundances)\, and dual fluxgate magnetometers (to search for a remanent magnetic field). A gravity investigation using tracking of the spacecraft’s radio signal is also planned. Psyche will characterize surficial geologic features\, topography\, and compositions through four consecutively lower orbital phases\, each optimized to obtain data to accomplish our science objectives. Psyche will: 1) map ≥80% of the surface with long-l filters at ≤500m/pix (assess metal to silicate fraction)\, 2) map ≥80% of the surface with short-l filters at ≤200m/pix (spectral detection of oldhamite\, (Ca\,Mg)S)\, 3) map ≥50% of the surface with clear filter at ≤200m/pix (crater counting)\, 4) map ≥80% of the surface with clear filter at ≤20m/pix (geologic mapping)\, and 5) determine the shape of (16) Psyche by mapping with clear filter over ≥80% of its surface with ≤200m/pix using stereo imaging techniques. This presentation discusses details of our mission. \n \nDr. David A. Williams is a Research Professor in the School of Earth and Space Exploration at Arizona State University\, Tempe\, Arizona. Dr. Williams is the Director of the Ronald Greeley Center for Planetary Studies\, a NASA-supported planetary data center at ASU. He is also the Director of the NASA Planetary Aeolian Laboratory\, which administers wind tunnels the Ames Research Center in California. David is currently performing research in volcanology and planetary geology\, with a focus on planetary mapping\, geochemical\, and remote sensing studies. His current research focusses on planetary geologic mapping of bodies across the Solar System\, and computer modeling of the physical and geochemical evolution of lava flows in a variety of planetary environments. He was involved with NASA’s Magellan Mission to Venus\, Galileo Mission to Jupiter\, Dawn Mission to asteroid Vesta and dwarf planet Ceres\, and ESA’s Mars Express orbiter mission.  He is a member of the Janus camera team for the ESA JUICE mission\, and he is currently Deputy Imager Lead and a Co-Investigator on NASA’s Psyche Mission\, scheduled to launch in August 2022.  In 2014 David was elected a Fellow of the Geological Society of America\, and asteroid 10\,461 DAWILLIAMS was named in his honor. \n  \nASU Psyche Mission:  https://psyche.asu.edu/ \nJPL Psyche Mission:  https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/psyche \nWebsite:  https://rgcps.asu.edu/dawilliams/ \nFacebook:  https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=10023395 \nTwitter:  @davidaw222 \nInstagram:  @davidaw222 \nViews: 0
URL:https://www.ocastronomers.org/calendar/general-meeting-2022-01/
LOCATION:Online
CATEGORIES:General Meetings
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20220108T220000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20220108T233000
DTSTAMP:20260405T222719
CREATED:20220121T180732Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20220121T180834Z
UID:10001204-1641679200-1641684600@www.ocastronomers.org
SUMMARY:Open Spiral Bar
DESCRIPTION:This is a free and open to the public online event. \nJoin Zoom\n\nCome and socialize with your fellow astronomy enthusiasts face-to-face virtually!\nBring your latest astrophotography\, mini-presentation\, questions or none and your own refreshments. \n \nViews: 0
URL:https://www.ocastronomers.org/calendar/open-spiral-bar-2022-01/
LOCATION:Online
CATEGORIES:Meeting After the Meeting
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20211211T220000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20211211T233000
DTSTAMP:20260405T222719
CREATED:20211205T193819Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20211205T193819Z
UID:10001143-1639260000-1639265400@www.ocastronomers.org
SUMMARY:Open Spiral Bar
DESCRIPTION:This is a free and open to the public online event\, to attend please register with zoom by clicking here. \nCome and socialize with your fellow astronomy enthusiasts face-to-face virtually!\nBring your latest astrophotography\, mini-presentation\, questions or none and your own refreshments. \n \nViews: 0
URL:https://www.ocastronomers.org/calendar/open-spiral-bar-2021-12/
LOCATION:Online
CATEGORIES:Meeting After the Meeting
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20211210T193000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20211210T213000
DTSTAMP:20260405T222719
CREATED:20211206T193333Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20211206T193527Z
UID:10001144-1639164600-1639171800@www.ocastronomers.org
SUMMARY:Online General Meeting - December 2021
DESCRIPTION:This is a free and open to the public online event\, to attend please register with zoom by clicking here. \n  \n\nAn Antarctic Odyssey: Winter-Over at South Pole Station\n\n \n\n  \nIn a lavishly illustrated presentation\, John W. Briggs of New Mexico will describe his year-long experience living at the Geographic South Pole while working for the Center for Astrophysical Research in Antarctica.  In preparation for this at Yerkes Observatory of the University of Chicago\, John was a team member building a 24-inch infrared telescope and related experiments that were set up at the Pole in time for him and colleagues to observe the July\, 1994\, explosive crash of fragmented comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 into the planet Jupiter. \nJohn weathered the “winter-over” with 26 other members of the U.S. Antarctic Program in an experience that many believe approximates what life will be like someday at a lunar or Martian outpost.  Once begun\, South Pole winter-over is an irreversible commitment\, since the Program’s special LC-130 ski planes can’t land in the winter temperatures — in 1994\, sometimes as low as 107 degrees F. below zero (with windchill\, as low as -180 degrees).  John will delight the audience with his perspective on the total South Pole experience — the strange natural environment\, the odd social atmosphere\, and the challenging\, ongoing science. \n  \n\n \nJohn W. Briggs has lived and worked at far-ranging observatories in various technical capacities\, including Mount Wilson\, Yerkes\, National Solar\, Maria Mitchell\, Venezuelan National\, Chamberlin\, and South Pole Station.  He came to New Mexico with his family in 1997 to assist in the final commissioning of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey at Apache Point.  In the 1980s he was an assistant editor at Sky & Telescope magazine and built Bogsucker Observatory in Massachusetts.  He is a member of many astronomical organizations including the Springfield Telescope Makers responsible for the annual Stellafane Convention in Vermont\, and he has recently been elected to the board of the century-old American Association of Variable Star Observers.  His principal activity now involves the Astronomical Lyceum\, an informal museum\, library\, laboratory\, and lecture hall devoted to historical astronomy and its preservation\, located in a 1936 former school gymnasium-theater in Magdalena\, New Mexico.  In the middle 1980s he assisted the late Professor Edgar Everhart\, Director of Chamberlin Observatory\, in his well-known program of cometary astrometry.  John has many old friends in the Denver Astronomical Society.\nViews: 0
URL:https://www.ocastronomers.org/calendar/general-meeting-2021-12/
LOCATION:Online
CATEGORIES:General Meetings
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
DTSTART;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20211210T193000
DTEND;TZID=America/Los_Angeles:20211210T213000
DTSTAMP:20260405T222719
CREATED:20211012T125237Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20211206T193219Z
UID:10001141-1639164600-1639171800@www.ocastronomers.org
SUMMARY:Online General Meeting - December 2021
DESCRIPTION:This is a free and open to the public online event\, to attend please register with zoom by clicking here. \n  \n\nWhite Holes\n\n  \n\n  \nBlack holes are solutions of the Einstein equations long believed to be unphysical. Now we know they represent real things in the sky.\nWhite holes are solutions of the Einstein equations long believed to be unphysical. Can they represent real things in the sky?\n  \n\n  \nCarlo Rovelli is a theoretical physicist known for his work in quantum gravity.  Born in Italy\, he has worked in the United States\, France and Canada. Rovelli is member of the Institute Universitaire de France\, honorary professor of the Beijing Normal University\, Honoris Causa Laureate of the Universidad de San Martin\, Buenos Aires\, member of the Académie Internationale de Philosophie des Sciences. In 1995 he has been awarded the Xanthopoulos Award for “the best relativist worldwide under forty”. He has written global best sellers among which are ‘Seven Brief Lesson on Physics’\, translated in 44 language\, ‘The Order of Time’ and the recent “Helgoland” on quantum theory.  He has been included by the Foreign Policy magazine in the 2019 list of the 100 most influential global thinkers.\nViews: 0
URL:https://www.ocastronomers.org/calendar/general-meeting-2021-12-1/
LOCATION:Online
CATEGORIES:General Meetings
END:VEVENT
END:VCALENDAR